State and Territory Profile

STATE/TERRITORY PROFILE - PENNSYLVANIA

This profile highlights a current innovative effort to promote a subsidy system that is child-focused, family friendly, and fair to providers. It also provides demographic information, Early Care and Education (ECE) program participation and funding, subsidy innovation and program integrity information, program quality improvement activities, and professional development and workforce initiatives. Sources and links are provided at the end of the document

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Demographics

Total Population 12 and Under

Source(s): U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). In American Community Survey, 2010. QT-P2 Single Years of Age and Sex. Retrieved from American FactFinder: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP2&prodType=table

Children Living in Working Families

Source(s): U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). In American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, 2019. B17024: Age By Ratio Of Income To Poverty Level In The Past 12 Months - Universe: Population for whom poverty status is determined. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B17024&g=0100000US.04000.001&hidePreview=true&table=B17024&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B17024&lastDisplayedRow=17&vintage=2019&mode=&y=2019

Poverty Statistics

	Below 100% of Poverty	Below 185% of Poverty
Under 6-Years Old	17.43%	35.71%
6 to 17-Years Old	16.61%	32.63%

Source(s): U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). In American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, 2019. C23008 Age of own Children under 18 Years in Families and Subfamilies by Living Arrangements by Employment Status of Parents: Universe: Own children under 18 years in families and subfamilies.
https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=C23008&g=&hidePreview=false&table=C23008&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.C23008&lastDisplayedRow=17&vintage=2019

ECE Program Participation and Funding

Percentage and Number of Children/Families Served

CCDF Average Monthly Percentage
of Children in Care By Age Group

CCDF Average Monthly Percentage<br>of Children in Care By Age Group. Under 3-Years Old: 24%; 3 and 4-Years Old: 24%; 5 through 12-Years Old: 50%

CCDF Average Monthly Number
of Children and Families Served

Average Monthly number of Children and Families Served: Children 99300 and Families 57500

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Care. (2020). FFY 2019 CCDF data tables [Preliminary estimates]. Table 9 Average Monthly Percentages of Children In Care By Age Group https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2019-preliminary-data-table-9

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Care. (2020). FFY 2019 CCDF data tables [Preliminary estimates].Table 1 Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served.
https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2019-preliminary-data-table-1

Average Monthly Percentages of Children Served in All Types of Care

Licensed Providers

Non-Licensed Providers

Average Monthly Percentages of Children Served in All Types of Care - Legally Operating Without Regulations: Center 0%, Group Home 0%, Family Home 6%, Child's Home 6%

Note: Unregulated provider data includes relative and non-relative care.

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Care. (2020). FFY 2019 CCDF data tables [Preliminary estimates]. Table 6 Average Monthly
https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2019-preliminary-data-table-6

Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF)
Total CCDF Expenditure (Including Quality):	$455,540,233
CCDF Federal Expenditure:	$350,945,030
CCDF State/Territory Expenditure:	$104,595,203

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2020). CCDF Expenditures for FY 2018 (all appropriation years). Table 4a: All expenditures by State- Categorical Summary. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/resource/fy-2018-ccdf-table-4a

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2020). CCDF Expenditures for FY 2018 (all appropriation years). Table 3a - All Expenditures by State – Detailed Summary. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/resource/fy-2018-ccdf-table-3a

CCDF Quality Expenditures
Total Quality Expenditure:	$50,242,532
Quality Activities (Set Aside Funds):	$50,242,532
Infant and Toddler (Targeted Funds):	Not available
Quality Expansion Funds (Targeted Funds):	Not available
School-Age/Resource and Referral (Targeted Funds):	Not available

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) for Child Care
TANF – Total Child Care Expenditure:	$284,903,845
TANF – Direct Expenditure on Child Care:	$100,826,832
TANF – Transfer to CCDF:	$184,077,013

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance. (2020). Fiscal Year 2019 TANF Financial Data. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ofa/resource/tanf-financial-data-fy-2019

ChildCare Tax Credits
Tax Credit Federal Total Amount Claimed:	$3,141,198
Tax Credit Federal Number of Claims:	1,453,300
State/Territory Tax Credit Available - 2015:	No
State/Territory Tax Credit Refundable:	No

Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)
CACFP Funding:	$120,812,611
Number of Family Child Care Homes Participating:	1,173
Number of Child Care Centers (includes Head Start Programs) Participating:	3,516

Source(s): Food Research and Action Center. (2020). State of the States: Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in FY 2019. http://www.frac.org/maps/sos/tables/sos_tab_cacfp.html

Head Start
Head Start Federal Allocation:	$253,323,698
Head Start State/Territory Allocation:	$59,177,799
Number of Children Participating:	30,320

Source(s): National Institute for Early Education Research. (2020). The 2019 state of preschool yearbook. http://nieer.org/state-preschool-yearbooks/2019-2

IDEA Part B, Section 619
IDEA Part B Funding:	$14,387,744
Number of Children Served (Ages 3- through 5-Years-Old):	30,533

Source(s): U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Fiscal Years 2019-2021 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/statetables/index.html

IDEA Part C
IDEA Part C Funding:	$15,931,573
Number of Children Served (Ages Birth through 2-Years-Old):	23,827

Source(s): U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Fiscal Years 2019-2021 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/statetables/index.html

Pre-kindergarten
Pre-kindergarten Total Expenditure:	$333,898,090
Enrollment (4-year-olds and under):	47,105

Note: Total Expenditure includes all State/Territory, Local, and Federal dollars. In addition to 3 and 4-year-olds, some Pre-kindergarten programs enroll children of other ages.

Source(s): National Institute for Early Education Research. (2021). The 2020 state of preschool yearbook. https://nieer.org/state-preschool-yearbooks/yearbook2020

CCDF Subsidy Program Administration

Family Percentile Recent MRS

Income Eligibility at Determination
Family Size	100 % of SMI ($/Month)	85% of SMI($/Month) [Multiply(a) by 0.85]	(IF APPLICABLE) ($/Month) Maximum Initial or First Tier Income Limit (or Threshold) if Lower Than 85% of Current SMI	IF APPLICABLE) (% of SMI) [Divide(c) by (a), multiply by 100] Income Level if Lower Than 85% of Current SMI
(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)
3	$6,045.00	$5,138.00	$3,463.00	57%

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 3.1.3 Family Size of 3: Eligible Children and Families - Income Eligibility at Determination. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Approaches Used for Promoting Continuity of Care
Coordinating with Head Start, prekindergarten, or other early learning programs to create a package of arrangements that accommodates parents’ work schedules	Yes
Inquiring about whether the child has an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or Individual Family Services Plan (IFSP)	Yes
Establishing minimum eligibility periods greater than 12 months	Yes
Using cross-enrollment or referrals to other public benefits	Yes
Working with IDEA Part B, Section 619 and Part C staff to explore how services included in a child’s IEP or IFSP can be supported and/or provided onsite and in collaboration with child care services	Not available
Providing more intensive case management for families with children with multiple risk factors;	Not available
Implementing policies and procedures that promote universal design to ensure that activities and environments are accessible to all children, including children with sensory, physical, or other disabilities	Not available
Other:	Not available
Not available

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 3.1.6 and 3.1.6-2: Eligible Children and Families - Approaches Used for Promoting Continuity of Care. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Increasing Access for Vulnerable Children and Families
Children with Special Needs
Prioritize for enrollment	Not available
Serve without placing these populations on waiting lists	Not available
Waive co-payments	Not available
Pay higher rates for access to higher quality care	Not available
Use grants or contracts to reserve slots for priority populations	Not available
Other:	Described Below
Children with a developmental delay are paid at the developmental age, not the chronological age. This payment is usually higher.
Families with Very Low Incomes
Prioritize for enrollment	Yes
Serve without placing these populations on waiting lists	Yes
Waive co-payments	Yes
Pay higher rates for access to higher quality care	Not available
Use grants or contracts to reserve slots for priority populations	Not available
Other:	Not available
Not available
Children Experiencing Homelessness
Prioritize for enrollment	Yes
Serve without placing these populations on waiting lists	Not available
Waive co-payments	Yes
Pay higher rates for access to higher quality care	Not available
Use grants or contracts to reserve slots for priority populations	Not available
Other:	Not available
Not available
Families Receiving TANF*
Prioritize for enrollment	Yes
Serve without placing these populations on waiting lists	Yes
Waive co-payments	Yes
Pay higher rates for access to higher quality care	Not available
Use grants or contracts to reserve slots for priority populations	Not available
Other:	Not available
Not available

* Includes families receiving TANF program funds, those transitioning off TANF through work activities, or those at risk of becoming dependent on TANF.

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 3.2.2a, 3.2.2b, 3.2.2c, 3.2.2d, 3.2.2a-2, 3.2.2b-2, 3.2.2c-2, and 3.2.2d-2: Increasing Access for Vulnerable Children and Families. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Use of Grants or Contracts to Increase the Supply of Specific Types of Child Care
Programs to serve children with disabilities	Not available
Programs to serve infants and toddlers	Yes
Programs to serve school-age children	Not available
Programs to serve children needing non-traditional hour care	Not available
Programs to serve children experiencing homelessness	Not available
Programs to serve children in underserved areas	Not available
Programs that serve children with diverse linguistic or cultural backgrounds	Not available
Programs that serve specific geographic areas (urban)	Not available
Programs that serve specific geographic areas (rural)	Not available
Other:	Not available
Not available

Use of Grants or Contracts to Increase the Quality of Specific Types of Child Care
Programs to serve children with disabilities	Not available
Programs to serve infants and toddlers	Yes
Programs to serve school-age children	Not available
Programs to serve children needing non-traditional hour care	Not available
Programs to serve children experiencing homelessness	Not available
Programs to serve children in underserved areas	Not available
Programs that serve children with diverse linguistic or cultural backgrounds	Not available
Programs that serve specific geographic areas (urban)	Not available
Programs that serve specific geographic areas (rural)	Not available
Other:	Not available
Not available

Base payment rates and percentiles
Age	Center	Percentile of most recent MRS	Family Child Care	Percentile of most recent MRS
Infant	$ 213.45/ week	17.9 percent	$ 172.45/ week	14.4 percent
Toddler	$ 208.39/ week	29.2 percent	$ 157.10/ week	13.3 percent
Preschool	$ 167.35/ week	17.3 percent	$ 142.75/ week	15.1 percent
School Age	$ 138.65/ week	26.5 percent	$ 131.45/ week	24.5 percent
Effective date of payment rates: 2007
Market rate survey (MRS) date: 9/30/2016

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 4.3.1: Setting Payment Rates. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 4.2.5a: Setting Payment Rates. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Tiered Reimbursement or Differential Rates
Differential rate for non-traditional hours. Describe	Not available
Differential rate for children with special needs, as defined by the state/territory.	Not available
Differential rate for infants and toddlers. Note: Do not check if the Lead Agency has a different base rate for infants/toddlers with no separate bonus or add-on	Yes
Differential rate for school-age programs. Note: Do not check if the Lead Agency has a different base rate for school-age children with no separate bonus or add-on.	Yes
Differential rate for higher quality, as defined by the state/territory.	Yes
Other differential rates or tiered rates.	Not available
Tiered or differential rates are not implemented.	Not available

CCDF Co-Payemts by Family Size

CCDF Co-Payments by Family Size
Family Size	Lowest “Entry” Income Level Where Family Is First Charged Co-Pay (Greater Than $0)	What Is the Monthly Co-Payment for a Family of This Size Based on the Income Level in (a)?	The Co-Payment in Column (b) is What Percentage of the Income in Column (a)?	Highest “Entry” Income Level Before a Family Is No Longer Eligible	What Is the Monthly Co-Payment for a Family of This Size Based on the Income Level in (d)?	The Co-Payment in Column (e) is What Percentage of the Income in Column (d)?
	(a)	(b)	(c)	(d)	(e)	(f)
3	$1.00	$21.65		$40,840.00	$342.00	10

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 3.4.1a Family Size of 3: Family Contribution to Payment - CCDF Co-Payments by Family Size. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Family Contribution to Payment
No, the Lead Agency does not waive family contributions/co-payments.	Not available
Yes, the Lead Agency waives family contributions/co-payments for families with an income at or below the Federal poverty level for families of the same size.	Not available
Yes, the Lead Agency waives family contributions/co-payments for families who are receiving or needing to receive protective services, as determined by the Lead Agency for purposes of CCDF eligibility. Describe the policy and provide the policy citation..	Not available
Describe contributions/co-payments for families who are receiving or needing to receive protective services	Not available
Yes, the Lead Agency waives family contributions/co-payments for other criteria established by the Lead Agency. Describe the policy and provide the policy citation	Yes
Describe contributions/co-payments for other criteria (See table below)	Described Below
Foster parents’ income is waived and they are charged the lowest co-pay ($5/week).

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 3.4.4: Family Contribution to Payment - Family Contribution to Payment. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Health and Safety

Child-Staff Ratios by Group Size by Age of Children for Licensed Child Care Centers
Age of Children	Child-Staff Ratio	Group Size
Infant (11 months)	4:1	8
Toddler (35 months)	6:1	12
Preschool (59months)	10:1	20
School-age (6 years)	12:1	24
School-age (10 years and older)	15:1	30
If any of the responses above are different for exempt child care centers, describe which requirements apply:	Described Below
N/A. Child care centers are not exempted.

Source(s): National Center on Early Childhood Quality Assurance. (2021). 2020 Child Care Licensing Study: Analysis of child care licensing regulations. [Unpublished data].

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 5.2.1a-5_6_7: Standards on ratios, group sizes, and qualifications for CCDF providers.– exempt child care centers. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Quality Improvement

Use of Quality Funds
	Yes/No	CCDF Funds	Other Funds	Other (describe)
Supporting the training and professional development of the child care workforce	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Developing, maintaining, or implementing early learning and developmental guidelines	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Developing, implementing, or enhancing a tiered quality rating and improvement system	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Improving the supply and quality of child care services for infants and toddlers	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Establishing or expanding a statewide system of CCR&R services	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Facilitating compliance with state/territory requirements for inspection, monitoring, training, and health and safety standards	Not available	Not available	Not available	Not available
Evaluating and assessing the quality and effectiveness of child care services within the state/territorys	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Supporting accreditation	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Supporting state/territory or local efforts to develop high-quality program standards relating to health, mental health, nutrition, physical activity, and physical development	Yes	Yes	Not available	Not available
Other activities determined by the state/territory to improve the quality of child care services and which measurement of outcomes related to improved provider preparedness, child safety, child well-being, or kindergarten entry is possible	Yes	Not available	Yes	Described Below

Use of Quality Funds - Continued
	Other (describe)
Supporting the training and professional development of the child care workforce	Not available
Developing, maintaining, or implementing early learning and developmental guidelines	Not available
Developing, implementing, or enhancing a tiered quality rating and improvement system	Not available
Improving the supply and quality of child care services for infants and toddlers	Not available
Facilitating compliance with state/territory requirements for inspection, monitoring, training, and health and safety standards	Not available
Evaluating and assessing the quality and effectiveness of child care services within the state/territorys	Not available
Supporting accreditation	Not available
Supporting state/territory or local efforts to develop high-quality program standards relating to health, mental health, nutrition, physical activity, and physical development	Not available
Other activities determined by the state/territory to improve the quality of child care services and which measurement of outcomes related to improved provider preparedness, child safety, child well-being, or kindergarten entry is possible	Anticipate funds through Pennsylvania’s Department of Education to continue the support of the Kindergarten Entry Inventory database.

Source(s):

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-1: Use of Quality Funds - Supporting the training and professional development of the child care workforce. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-2: Use of Quality Funds - Developing, maintaining, or implementing early learning and developmental guidelines. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-3: Use of Quality Funds - Developing, implementing, or enhancing a tiered quality rating and improvement system. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-4: Use of Quality Funds - Improving the supply and quality of child care services for infants and toddlers. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-5: Use of Quality Funds - Establishing or expanding a statewide system of CCR&R services. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-6: Use of Quality Funds - Facilitating compliance with state/territory requirements for inspection, monitoring, training, and health and safety standards. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-7: Use of Quality Funds - Evaluating and assessing the quality and effectiveness of child care services within the state/territory. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-8: Use of Quality Funds - Supporting accreditation. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-9: Use of Quality Funds - Supporting state/territory or local efforts to develop high-quality program standards relating to health, mental health, nutrition, physical activity, and physical development. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-10: Use of Quality Funds - Other activities determined by the state/territory to improve the quality of child care services and which measurement of outcomes related to improved provider preparedness, child safety, child well-being, or kindergarten entry is possible. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Outreach to Families with Limited English Proficiency
Application in other languages (application document, brochures, provider notices)	Yes
Informational materials in non-English languages	Yes
Website in non-English languages	Yes
Lead Agency accepts applications at local community-based locations	Not available
Bilingual caseworkers or translators available	Yes
Bilingual outreach workers	Not available
Partnerships with community-based organizations	Yes
Other	Not available
Describe Other	Not available
Not available

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 2.1.1-1 and 2.1.1-2: Outreach to Families with Limited English Proficiency - Strategies the Lead Agency or partners utilize to provide outreach and services to eligible families for whom English is not their first language. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Outreach to Families with a Person(s) with Disabilities
Applications and public informational materials available in Braille and other communication formats for access by individuals with disabilities	Not available
Websites that are accessible (e.g., Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act)	Yes
Caseworkers with specialized training/experience in working with individuals with disabilities	Not available
Ensuring accessibility of environments and activities for all children	Not available
Partnerships with state and local programs and associations focused on disability-related topics and issues	Yes
Partnerships with parent associations, support groups, and parent-to-parent support groups, including the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) federally funded Parent Training and Information Centers	Yes
Partnerships with state and local IDEA Part B, Section 619 and Part C providers and agencies	Yes
Availability and/or access to specialized services (e.g., mental health, behavioral specialists, therapists) to address the needs of all children	Yes
Other	Not available
Describe Other	Not available
Not available

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 2.1.2-1 and 2.1.2-2: Outreach to Families with Limited English Proficiency - Strategies the Lead Agency or partners utilize to provide outreach and services to eligible families with a person(s) with a disability. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Consumer Education Website
How the Lead Agency ensures that its website is consumer-friendly and easily accessible	Pennsylvania’s provider search website, www.findchildcare.pa.gov, allows consumers to search for early learning providers in multiple ways including provider name, distance from a specific address, by county, and by municipality. Consumers can also filter using a variety of criteria such as STARS rating, hours of operations, provider type, and languages spoken/taught. The website provides tool tips that offer additional information and explanation, as needed, as well as frequently asked questions. There is the ability for the consumer to create both summary and detailed reports, in PDF or EXCEL, that include providers that meet specific criteria. Information about the provider’s licensing history is written in clear, understandable language. The website is available in both English and Spanish, is ADA compliant and mobile friendly.
How the website ensures the widest possible access to services for families that speak languages other than English	The provider search website is part of the COMPASS website which is available in Spanish and has an instructional tagline in a variety of different languages, including Vietnamese, Russian, and Cambodian.
How the website ensures the widest possible access to services for persons with disabilities	The provider search website is compliant with requirements of the ADA. The online application offers TTY/TTD numbers that are toll-free for persons that are hearing impaired. The online application is mobile-friendly.

Source(s): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 2.3.1, 2.3.1, and 2.3.3: Consumer Education Website. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

Footnotes

Click to show footnotes

Source Footnotes:

Demographics - Total Population 12 and Under
- U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). In American Community Survey, 2010. QT-P2 Single Years of Age and Sex. Retrieved from American FactFinder: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP2&prodType=table
Demographics - Poverty Statistics
- U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). In American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, 2019. B17024: Age By Ratio Of Income To Poverty Level In The Past 12 Months - Universe: Population for whom poverty status is determined. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=B17024&g=0100000US.04000.001&hidePreview=true&table=B17024&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B17024&lastDisplayedRow=17&vintage=2019&mode=&y=2019
Demographics - Children Living in Working Families
- U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). In American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, 2019. C23008 Age of own Children under 18 Years in Families and Subfamilies by Living Arrangements by Employment Status of Parents: Universe: Own children under 18 years in families and subfamilies.
  https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=C23008&g=&hidePreview=false&table=C23008&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.C23008&lastDisplayedRow=17&vintage=2019
ECE Program Participation - CCDF Average Monthly Percentage of Children In Care
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Care. (2020). FFY 2019 CCDF data tables [Preliminary estimates]. Table 9 Average Monthly Percentages of Children In Care By Age Group https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2019-preliminary-data-table-9
ECE Program Participation - CCDF Average Monthly Number of Children and Families Served
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Care. (2020). FFY 2019 CCDF data tables [Preliminary estimates].Table 1 Average Monthly Adjusted Number of Families and Children Served.
  https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2019-preliminary-data-table-1
ECE Program Participation - CCDF Average Monthly Percentages of Children Served in All Types of Care
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Child Care. (2020). FFY 2019 CCDF data tables [Preliminary estimates]. Table 6 Average Monthly
  https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/data/fy-2019-preliminary-data-table-6
ECE Program Participation - Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Participation
- Food Research and Action Center. (2020). State of the States: Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in FY 2019. http://www.frac.org/maps/sos/tables/sos_tab_cacfp.html
ECE Program Participation - Head Start Participation
- National Institute for Early Education Research. (2020). The 2019 state of preschool yearbook. http://nieer.org/state-preschool-yearbooks/2019-2
ECE Program Participation - Pre-kindergarten Participation
- National Institute for Early Education Research. (2021). The 2020 state of preschool yearbook. https://nieer.org/state-preschool-yearbooks/yearbook2020
ECE Program Participation - IDEA Part C Participation
- IDEA Data Accountability Center. (2021). Table C1-1: Number of infants and toddlers ages birth through 2 and 3 and older, and percentage of population, receiving early intervention services under IDEA, Part C, by age and state: 2020-2021. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/state-level-data-files/index.html#cccs
ECE Program Participation - IDEA Part B, Section 619 Participation
- IDEA Data Accountability Center. (2021). Table B1-1: Number of infants and toddlers ages birth through 2 and 3 and older, and percentage of population, receiving early intervention services under IDEA, Part B, by age and state: 2020. https://www2.ed.gov/programs/osepidea/618-data/state-level-data-files/index.html#bccee
ECE Funding - Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF)
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2020). CCDF Expenditures for FY 2018 (all appropriation years). Table 4a: All expenditures by State- Categorical Summary. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/resource/fy-2018-ccdf-table-4a
  
  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2020). CCDF Expenditures for FY 2018 (all appropriation years). Table 3a - All Expenditures by State – Detailed Summary. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ/resource/fy-2018-ccdf-table-3a
ECE Funding - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance. (2020). Fiscal Year 2019 TANF Financial Data. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ofa/resource/tanf-financial-data-fy-2019
ECE Funding - Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) Funding
- Food Research and Action Center. (2020). State of the States: Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in FY 2019. http://www.frac.org/maps/sos/tables/sos_tab_cacfp.html
ECE Funding - Head Start Funding
- National Institute for Early Education Research. (2020). The 2019 state of preschool yearbook. http://nieer.org/state-preschool-yearbooks/2019-2
ECE Funding - Pre-kindergarten Funding
- National Institute for Early Education Research. (2021). The 2020 state of preschool yearbook. https://nieer.org/state-preschool-yearbooks/yearbook2020
ECE Funding - IDEA Part C Funding
- U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Fiscal Years 2019-2021 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/statetables/index.html
ECE Funding - IDEA Part B Section 619 Funding
- U.S. Department of Education. (2021). Fiscal Years 2019-2021 State Tables for the U.S. Department of Education. https://www2.ed.gov/about/overview/budget/statetables/index.html
CCDF Subsidy Program Administration - Parental Choice in Relation to Certificates, Grants, or Contracts
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 4.1.3b, 4.1.3b-2, 4.1.3c, and 4.1.3c-2: Parental Choice in Relation to Certificates, Grants, or Contracts. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
CCDF Subsidy Program Administration - Eligible Children and Families
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 3.1.3 Family Size of 3: Eligible Children and Families - Income Eligibility at Determination. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 3.1.6 and 3.1.6-2: Eligible Children and Families - Approaches Used for Promoting Continuity of Care. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
CCDF Subsidy Program Administration - Increasing Access for Vulnerable Children and Families
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 3.2.2a, 3.2.2b, 3.2.2c, 3.2.2d, 3.2.2a-2, 3.2.2b-2, 3.2.2c-2, and 3.2.2d-2: Increasing Access for Vulnerable Children and Families. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
CCDF Subsidy Program Administration - Family Contribution to Payment
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 3.4.1a Family Size of 3: Family Contribution to Payment - CCDF Co-Payments by Family Size. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 3.4.4: Family Contribution to Payment - Family Contribution to Payment. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
CCDF Subsidy Program Administration - Setting Payment Rates
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 4.3.1: Setting Payment Rates. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
CCDF Subsidy Program Administration - Costs
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 4.2.5a: Setting Payment Rates. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
Health and Safety - Licensing
- National Center on Early Childhood Quality Assurance. (2021). 2020 Child Care Licensing Study: Analysis of child care licensing regulations. [Unpublished data].
- National Center on Early Childhood Quality Assurance. (2021). 2020 Child Care Licensing Study: Analysis of child care licensing regulations. [Unpublished data].
  
  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 5.2.1a-5_6_7: Standards on ratios, group sizes, and qualifications for CCDF providers.– exempt child care centers. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
Quality Improvements - Use of Quality Funds
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Reports 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-1: Use of Quality Funds - Supporting the training and professional development of the child care workforce. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-2: Use of Quality Funds - Developing, maintaining, or implementing early learning and developmental guidelines. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-3: Use of Quality Funds - Developing, implementing, or enhancing a tiered quality rating and improvement system. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-4: Use of Quality Funds - Improving the supply and quality of child care services for infants and toddlers. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-5: Use of Quality Funds - Establishing or expanding a statewide system of CCR&R services. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-6: Use of Quality Funds - Facilitating compliance with state/territory requirements for inspection, monitoring, training, and health and safety standards. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-7: Use of Quality Funds - Evaluating and assessing the quality and effectiveness of child care services within the state/territory. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-8: Use of Quality Funds - Supporting accreditation. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-9: Use of Quality Funds - Supporting state/territory or local efforts to develop high-quality program standards relating to health, mental health, nutrition, physical activity, and physical development. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 7.2.1 and 7.2.1-10: Use of Quality Funds - Other activities determined by the state/territory to improve the quality of child care services and which measurement of outcomes related to improved provider preparedness, child safety, child well-being, or kindergarten entry is possible. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
Quality Improvements - Outreach to Families with Limited English Proficiency
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 2.1.1-1 and 2.1.1-2: Outreach to Families with Limited English Proficiency - Strategies the Lead Agency or partners utilize to provide outreach and services to eligible families for whom English is not their first language. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 2.1.2-1 and 2.1.2-2: Outreach to Families with Limited English Proficiency - Strategies the Lead Agency or partners utilize to provide outreach and services to eligible families with a person(s) with a disability. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.
Quality Improvements - Consumer Education Website
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Child Care. (2019). Report 2.3.1, 2.3.1, and 2.3.3: Consumer Education Website. ACF-118 Data Submission Center.

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