This review of existing research on literacy programs for out-of-school time (OST) was conducted as part of an initiative for Philadelphia. It includes evidence on literacy outcomes, staffing, and training needs for tutoring programs, after school and summer programs, and online literacy programs. There is also an OST Quality tool, which helps programs examine practices, approaches and conditions which research indicates lead to positive literacy outcomes: https://williampennfoundation.org/what-we-are-learning/supporting-literacy-out-school-time-ost-early-literacy-quality-tool