This issue brief highlights the challenges English language learners (ELLs) face in developing literacy proficiency and articulates how afterschool programs can play a central role in providing the supports to help ELL students thrive in school, work, and life. For example, out-of-school time (OST) programs can offer a culturally sensitive atmosphere, literacy-related activities that promote motivation and interest, and opportunities for family engagement. The brief includes examples from five states of activities for ELL youth.